• 목록
• 답변
• 글쓰기
• 게시판 리스트 옵션
  • 수정
  • 삭제

Adult ADHD and Comorbid Disorders

Many people with ADHD have comorbid disorders such as major depression (Kessler and co., 2006). Many sufferers do not respond to medications for depression and may benefit from psychotherapy.

Neurotransmitters are brain chemicals that regulate and boost levels of certain brain chemicals. The stimulants methylphenidate and amphetamine are commonly prescribed.

Medicines

Adults are able to take many different medications that are used for ADHD in children. The dosages and the side effects can be different. A doctor will look at the medical history of the patient as well as family history and other health conditions to determine which medicine is most suitable for them.

The most common ADHD medication is a stimulant. It works by adjusting the levels of norepinephrine and dopamine in the brain. Stimulants like methylphenidate and dextro-amphetamine (commonly known as Adderall) increase the availability of these neurotransmitters. They can improve focus and decrease aggression and impulsivity. These stimulants are available in various forms, such as skin patches, liquids, and chewable tablets. Long-acting versions of these stimulants are more effective because they provide greater patient compliance and a longer lasting more smooth improvement of symptoms.

It is important to keep in mind that co-existing conditions like anxiety and depression may affect the response to ADHD medications. Therefore, it is recommended that mental health issues be treated first, and then medication utilized as a secondary measure. The medications that can be utilized for comorbidity disorders include atomoxetine (Bupropion), tricyclic antidepressants, and bupropion (Wilens, 2004).).

Some patients may experience a "rebound" effect in which they experience a worsening of ADHD symptoms after discontinuing stimulant medication. In these instances, a short trial of a low dosage of stimulant medication may be beneficial.

Some people are unable to take stimulant medications or take it due to the misuse of drugs or other health issues such as severe hypertension or heart problems. In these instances, non-stimulant medications such as atomoxetine and viloxazine can be effective. These drugs don't have the same side effects as stimulants, and they are less likely to be misused or misused.

Psychotherapy

People suffering from ADHD are able to benefit from psychotherapy (talk therapy). It can help those with ADHD to improve their lives, deal with stress and anxiety, manage conflicts, or manage issues at work or in relationships. It can also assist with co-existing mental illnesses like depression and substance abuse disorders.

Talk therapies include cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), mind-body cognitive therapy, as well as schema therapy. These alternative treatments for adhd are based on the idea that thoughts and beliefs affect how to treat depression and adhd a person behaves, thinks and feels. CBT helps an individual identify negative behaviors and thought patterns and then devise and implement positive strategies to change them. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy employs meditation techniques to teach people how to concentrate on their thoughts and emotions, manage their impulses and improve their executive functioning. Schema therapy and other types of psychotherapy focused on a person's family history can be beneficial for those with ADHD with significant secondary issues.

Psychotherapy, in addition to medication, can aid with specific ADHD problems, such as difficulties with schoolwork or getting along with other people. It can also help in forgetting important dates and responsibilities and making decisions that are impulsive and could lead to legal and financial issues. Psychotherapy can also help individuals to address and overcome issues that could contribute to their ADHD symptoms, such as anxiety or depression.

Psychotherapy can assist people in finding healthy coping techniques and reduce stress. For example, exercise, sleep improvement, and healthy eating habits. It can also offer support to a family or partner member who may be dealing with the effects of ADHD on their relationship. Family therapy and marriage counseling can help families and couples learn to communicate better and manage ADHD symptoms together.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

CBT is a kind of psychotherapy that focuses on changing the negative patterns of thinking that clients have. It employs dialogue based on skill with a skilled mental health professional (a therapist) to address the root causes of their symptoms. The aim of this treatment is to overcome limitations and implement strategies for coping that are compatible with the daily routine of the client.

In addition to teaching clients to recognize harmful thoughts, those who specialize in adult ADHD CBT aid them in developing abilities that enable them to replace negative thoughts with more productive ones. This process can take some time. It is a viable option for those who are unable to feel enough relief from their medications.

A recent RCT study concluded that when combined with medication, CBT is superior to cognitive behavioral therapy on its own in reducing core symptoms, emotional symptoms self-esteem, and social functioning in adults with adhd symptoms and treatment (Clarke and colleagues., 2017). The combination of CBT and methylphenidate is especially effective for those doctors who treat adhd in adults near me have more severe underlying problems.

The therapists who offer this kind of treatment usually work with the client to create an action plan that is specific to addressing their problems. They will teach them a set of practical skills which are easy to learn and have a high chance of success. Often a chart system is used to track progress and reward positive behaviour. For an infant, this could involve a daily report that outlines all of the school-related tasks or positive behavior they need to accomplish and a system for tracking and earning rewards. The therapists may also consider introducing negative consequences when the child fails to finish their tasks. This can be done with care and support.

Metacognitive Therapy

A newer type of therapy, metacognitive therapy, helps people change the way they think. This type of treatment is effective for those with a variety of mental health problems, including depression. It is a kind of cognitive behavioral therapy that assists people in recognizing negative thinking patterns and their effect on their emotions. This type of therapy may also assist in the acquisition of psychological tools that are able and effective.

The goal of this study was to investigate the relationship between metacognitive abilities and daily functioning in adults with ADHD. To accomplish this we evaluated self- and informant-rated deficits in daily functioning to the indicators of metacognition (comprehensive knowledge and cognition regulation, debugging, information management, and evaluation). It was discovered that comprehensive knowledge was related to daily functioning in adults with ADHD however, the regulatory processes were not. The predictive ability of a model incorporating predictors of metacognition was moderate, suggesting that they could explain an important portion of the variation in the daily functioning of people with untreated adhd in adults depression.

Metacognitive therapy (MCT) is a form of psychotherapy which focuses on changing metacognitive beliefs that cause states of worry or rumination as well as attention fixation. Adrian Wells developed MCT based on a model of information processing developed by Wells and Gerald Matthews. MCT has been shown to be effective in treating illness anxiety disorders. However, it's still a relatively new treatment and further research will be needed to determine if it could help with other disorders.

This study was designed to assess the effectiveness of MCT in decreasing symptoms of anxiety disorder, but it can be applied to a variety of disorders, and may be more effective than other therapies. This is not a cure, but can be used to treat ADHD.

Family Therapy

In family therapy the therapy therapist works with the entire family. Everyone is able to better understand the client's needs and learn how to help their loved ones. It also helps them find ways to manage their own feelings of frustration and improve their communication skills. This type of counseling could also be used to address other comorbidities, such as substance abuse and depression, which are often seen as part of ADHD.

The therapist will start with an intake session to better understand the family's views and determine whether they are suitable for family intervention. This can be done either in person or online. The Therapist will explain to each client the nature of treatment and the do's & don'ts for family therapy.

A therapist who has experience in treating adults suffering from ADHD will ask a variety of questions to gain an understanding of the client's present symptoms, their past and their impacts on their work and family life as well as relationships. They will also inquire whether there are other mental health issues that are present like depression or anxiety.

Cognitive behavioral therapy is a structured kind of counseling that teaches you how to manage your behavior and change negative thinking patterns to positive ones. It focuses on boosting self-esteem and self control by educating you on how to handle stress and anger. This is a short-term option that can be used in conjunction with other types psychotherapy.

Individual talk therapy can help people suffering from ADHD overcome emotional trauma from a long-running pattern of failure, underachievement academic struggles, frequent job changes and conflict in relationships. It can help you learn strategies for managing stress and coping and teach you how to manage your time and finances more effectively. It can also be used to tackle comorbid conditions, such as anxiety and mood disorders, which are often seen alongside ADHD.