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Types of Coffee Beans

Behind every cup of coffee that we drink, there is a carefully graded bean. These beans are graded based on color, size and shape.

The AA grade is given to coffee beans that satisfy all the criteria above, with the exception that they should not contain more than three deficient qualities (quakers). Typically these are Kenya AA beans.

Arabica

Arabica coffee beans unroasted beans are also known as Coffea Arabicica and are the most coveted coffee beans in the world. The legend says that coffee was discovered in Ethiopia when the goat herder saw his herd swaying with more energy after eating the fruits of the coffee plant. This led him to study roasting and making the seeds into the drink we know and love to this day.

While many varieties of coffee plants exist but there are only two primary species used to create the basis for all of our favorite coffees: robusta and arabica. The former is generally thought to be superior to the latter and this is evident in the taste of the final drink.

There are a variety of arabica cultivars. Each one has their own distinctive taste. Two of the most well-known varieties are Typica and Bourbon, from which the other arabica varieties have been developed, either through natural mutations or intentional crossbreeding. The SL28 cultivar, for instance, was developed in Kenya by Scott Labs and is known for its distinct chocolatey flavor.

The flavor of an arabica variety depends on the conditions in which it was grown as well as the method by which it was handled and roasted. For example, the type of shade a tree receives in its altitude, its elevation and soil composition can all play a major impact on the final product.

Robusta

Robusta coffee beans, also known as coffee canephora, are the second most common variety of coffee. They are the beans used for the majority of instant drinks and have twice the amount of caffeine as Arabica Coffee Beans. They are also used in numerous espresso blends, notably for cappuccino and caffe latte.

The Coffea Canephora plant originated in Sub-Saharan Africa, but it is now grown throughout the globe. It is able to grow at lower elevations and can withstand higher temperatures than Arabica coffee plants, making it more convenient for farmers. Vietnam is the world's biggest producer of robusta, followed by Brazil and Indonesia.

While the robusta coffee plant has its advantages however, it's not as adored by cupping aficionados for its bitter taste and burnt rubber notes. It's often regarded as inferior quality coffee and the majority of large coffee companies utilize arabica beans to make their premium products.

The demand for gourmet coffees is increasing, and small roasters are also experimenting to make the most of its exceptional qualities. Our Valhalla Java and Death With Coffee are two examples of exceptional robusta coffees, which are mixed with arabica to provide the perfect balance of flavour and strength. These coffees originate from Uganda which is a nation where robusta has long been cultivated. Learn more about these coffees.

Liberica

Liberica coffee beans are rare and rarely used throughout the globe. They account for less than 2% of global coffee consumption and are often overlooked due to the fact that they don't have the same amount of caffeine that Arabica and Robusta do. These beans have a distinct flavor that a lot of coffee drinkers find appealing.

Liberica coffee beans, despite being extremely rare and extremely scarce, are still quite popular in a few regions of Asia. The most common place for these beans is in Malaysia and Indonesia where there is a significant Muslim community. In these countries the coffee industry has been steady for a number of years. The consumption of a cup of coffee after prayer is a part of their tradition.

The background of Liberica coffee began in the 1890s when a global epidemic of rusty coffee leaves killed the majority of the world's arabica crop. This incident prompted coffee farmers to search for a more resilient plant that would thrive in tropical climates. They soon discovered the Liberica.

Liberica plants are resistant to pests and diseases which makes them a great replacement for the destroyed arabica crop. Liberica also has the ability to grow in hot temperatures and lower altitudes, which allowed it to thrive in the climate of Southeast Asia. This is the reason why, today the majority of coffee grown in the Philippines, Indonesia, and Malaysia comes from Liberica beans.

Excelsa

Although it's not common for coffee lovers to come across excelsa beans, they are gaining an image for their distinctive flavor. According to Komal Sable of South India Coffee Co. who is a fifth-generation coffee farmer, these beans have a similar teardrop-shaped shape, however they are smaller. But despite the family resemblance it's important to understand that excelsa is technically not a separate species.

It's a bit hazy as to how excelsa beans should be classified, and it's this confusion that has largely been the reason for this beans' minimal presence in the contemporary world of coffee. Many roasters, growers and brewers are unaware of how to properly cultivate and utilize these beans.

In the end, it's up to the individual to decide whether they like the flavor of the coffee excelsa and it may take a amount of time to discover a blend that is suitable for your preferences. It's essential to be open and try different kinds of coffee until you've discovered the one you like. If you do this you'll be able to experience the full potential these unique beans have to offer. This is a journey worth the effort.